Property law - Land Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Property law - Land - Essay Example The next year, Mr. Kernott and Ms. Jones acquired a loan to extend their house, with Mr. Kernott undertaking most of the construction work. The couple separated in 1993 and Mr. Kernott left their home in Badger Hall Avenue. Mr. Kernott stopped contributing to the household bills and the mortgage. Further, he made little contribution towards maintaining the two children that the couple had. Three years later, Mr. Kernott and Ms. Jones decided to redeem their life insurance policy, dividing the proceeds between themselves. Mr. Kernott bought a house on 114 Stanley Road in Essex with his share of the proceeds. However, in 2006, he sought payment for the value of his share of the house on Badger Hall Avenue. Ms. Jones declined, requesting that the Appointment of Trustees and Trusts of Land Act 1996 grant her total ownership of the property2. The court decided, after considering precedence in the cases of Dowden v Stack and Hiscock v Oxley that both parties share the total value of the property in different proportions, awarding 10% of the property to Mr. Kernott and 90% awarded to Ms. Jones. According to this judgment, Mr. Kernott would recieive  £24355 and Ms. Jones would receive  £219,190 in the event that they sold the property then Mr. Kernott appealed this decision at the High Court4. Mr. Kernott argued at the High Court that the judge wrongly imputed or inferred an intention that after the separation of the couple, both parties’ beneficial interests were supposed to change. Further, he claimed that the court was unfair in its quantification of the beneficial interests owned by both parties. By a simple majority, Mr. Kernott’s appeal went through. The court declared that both parties were joint owners of the property, and were tenants with equal shares5. Judges Wall P., Rimer L.J. and Jacob L.J. presided over the appeal6. Wall and Rimer argued that there was no way to indicate a change in the intentions of both parties

Study Guide for Crossword Puzzle Essay Example for Free

Study Guide for Crossword Puzzle Essay Guide Acids and Bases: 1. Be able to identify both the Bronsted–Lowry acid and base from a given reaction. ~An acid is a proton donor ~A base is a proton acceptor H3PO4 + H20 H3O+ +H2PO4- H3PO4 is an acid so it is a proton donor. It gives its positive atom to the other element 2. Be able to calculate the pH of a solution given [H3O+] Example: What is the pH of a solution with a [H3O+] of 1 x 10-2 M? The pH level should equal the exponent number of 2. Redox Reactions: Be able to identify what is reduced and what is oxidized in a redox reaction. Ex: What is reduced in the following reaction? 2 Bi3+ + 3 Mg 2 Bi + 3 Mg2+. The reduced element in the following is Bi (Bismuth) because that element is broken down without its charge number. Boyle’s Law: Be able to apply Boyle’s Law to solve for either pressure or volume Ex: A sample of helium gas occupies 1245 mL at 705 mmHg. For a gas sample at constant temperature, determine the volume of helium at 745 mmHg. P1V1=P2V2 If the pressure goes down, the volume goes up. V2=P1V1/P2 P1=705 mmHg P2=745 mmHg V1= 1245 mL V2= (705)(1245)/745 877725/745=1179 mL=V2 Charles’ Law: Be able to apply Charles’ Law to solve for either volume or temperature (remember to convert to Kelvin) Example: A gas at a temperature of 95 degrees C occupies a volume of 159 mL. Assuming constant pressure, determine the volume at 15 degree C. V1=V2 T1=T2 95Â °C+273=368K= T1 159 mL=V1 15Â °C + 273=288 T2 V2= (368)(159)/288=204 mL Ideal Gas Law: 1. Be able to calculate molar mass given density Example: For a gas at standard temperature and pressure with a density of 2. 75 g/L. determine its molar mass. Standard temperature and pressure occupies a volume of about 22. 4 L. This is known as the standard molar volume of a gas. V=cn (where c is a constant) n is number of molecules 2. Be able to calculate volume or pressure, using PV=nRT P=pressure, V=Volume, n=number of moles of gas, T=Temperature (Kelvin) R=ideal gas constant (0. 0821) for 1 mole of gas at STP, p=1 atm,V=22. 414 L, T= 273. 15K R=PV/nT

Chiang Rai Thailand Health And Social Care Essay

Chiang Rai Thailand Health And Social Care Essay This is a quantitative research critique on a study conducted in 2008 in the northern province of Chiang Rai, Thailand. The study investigates the causal relationships between age, antiretroviral treatment, social support, symptom experience, self-care strategies, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the northern region of the said country. Four hundred twenty-two subjects were selected to participate in the research and from them data were collected with the use of four different questionnaires. The results revealed that symptom experience had a significant negative direct effect on the HRQOL as opposed to age, social support, antiretroviral treatment and self-care strategies which had significant positive effect on the HRQOL. Furthermore, it was seen that social support and antiretroviral treatment had an indirect effect on the HRQOL through self-care strategies. With these findings, it was recommended that promotion of social support and adherence to antiretroviral treatment must be achieved to enhance the quality of life of people living with HIV/ AIDS. The title is laconically stated which included a minimal number of words but still adequately describes the contents of the paper (Day Gastal, 2006). It is concise yet does not compromise its relevance and does not sound uninteresting. It is briefly put together but still is reasonably extensive to explain the research without overwhelming readers with too much information. Moreover, the title is formulated in a strong and simple manner which is very important in ensuring readers will not be distracted or confused. The title presents the subject of the research which is the health-related quality of life in people living with HIV/ AIDS in the northern region of Thailand. The researchers of this study are Thitiarpa Tangkawanich, Jintana Yunibhand, Sureeporn Thanasilp, and Kathy Magilvy. Thitiarpa Tangkawanich, RN, Msc, Jintana Yunibhand, RN, Msc, PhD, and Sureeporn Thanasilp, RN, Msc, DNS are members of the Faculty of Nursing in Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand while Kathy Magilvy, RN, PhD, FAAN is a professor of the College of Nursing of the University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA. With all these academic credentials and qualifications, the researchers can be considered credible personalities in their respective fields of specialties. The research was made by respected professors and registered nurses. All of them have masters degree while Tangkawanich is the only one without a doctoral degree. The article uses an indicative or descriptive abstract to provide a brief summary of the main points of the research (Day Gastal, 2006). Since the research studies a social happening in a quantitative approach, the researchers used this kind of abstract as it describes what transpired during the entire research process. The abstract mentions the condensed form of the research aim, which is to find out the causal relationships between age, antiretroviral treatment, social support, symptom experience, self-care strategies and health-related quality of life. The methodology used in conducting the research is mentioned although some information was excluded as they were discussed in detail in the succeeding parts of the research. Four different questionnaires were used to collect data from the 422 respondents chosen for the study. Using the Likert rating scale, the data were analyzed and were then subjected to statistical treatment with SPSS and LISREL. The abstract also reports the maj or findings (Day Gastal, 2006) which show that symptom experience has a significant negative effect on the HRQOL while the other remaining variables had a significant positive effect. Additionally, social support and antiretroviral treatment were also found to have an indirect effect on HRQOL via self-care strategies. Lastly, the abstract of the study suggests a recommendation for the health-care team, together with the family and community, to promote social support and ensure antiretroviral treatment to enhance the quality of living in people living with HIV/ AIDS considering the research findings. It also illustrates the studys significance to clinical practice. The research problem is clearly presented in the introduction of the article as it explains the rationale behind the conduct of this study (Walsh Wigens, 2007). The aim in this study is to investigate the causal relationships between age, antiretroviral treatment, social support, symptom experience, self-care strategies and the HRQOL in people living with HIV/AIDS in northern Thailand. It examines whether or not relationships between these factors exist, what kind of relationships exists if there are any and how does it implicate the people with the infection and the probable interventions to be taken by health care team as well. The introduction was also able to give a situation about how people with HIV/AIDS in the involved study setting live their lives. It gave a brief discussion about HIV/AIDS which significantly provides a good jumpstart in explaining the entirety of the research. The introduction states the scarcity in research material that focus on the relationships among t he variables identified, HRQOL and PLWHA, establishing the need for the study to be conducted. Although the introduction was able to discuss the major points and variables in the study, it did not include the limitations. Additionally, the introduction also did not explain the main topic from a bigger international scope to a narrow and more specific level (Day Gastal, 2006). In sum, the introduction was able to establish a clear logic, an analysis of previous works, background information and the main purpose of the research (Walsh Wigens, 2003). The wide literature review used in the research was able to give a good background about the major points in the study. However, many other materials still could have been used to further strengthen the studys literature review. It is noteworthy that the study is supported by up to date information which makes it more timely and relevant. The literature review utilised articles from many other researchers whose research outputs have greatly provided helpful data to the study. The description of the present living conditions of the respondents (Sukati et al., 2005), the self-care strategies that they use (Panuwatsuk, 1998), the symptoms and their correlation to HRQOL (Dodd et al. 2001), the current antiretroviral treatment (Heckman 2003), all these and others, were taken from researches conducted from year 2000 through 2007. The literature is able to present in text the theoretical structure from which the study was anchored. With the amount of referenced articles presented in the lit erature, the balanced evaluation of supporting and opposing materials for the proposition is demonstrated. Since only few researches studies were made regarding the indirect effect of the many factors identified on the HRQOL in PLWHA, the necessity to develop a model that could present the direct and indirect effects of the predictors on the HRQOL in PLWHA has clearly risen as stated in the literature review. Moreover, important references were acknowledged accordingly to further reinforce the soundness of the study. Notwithstanding, it may have given an extensive overview on the study, but still it was not able to present a few significant points. Although the literature illustrated a comprehensive background on the study and the variables involved, it did not overtly cite the fundamental theoretical framework. The study is a quantitative research which tries to explain a social phenomenon. This connotes that no alteration of the environment was made and the respondents were not subjected to any form of controlled setting, thus, variables involved are limited. Since this is a quantitative research, it must have a sound hypothesis which will serve as its backbone. But it is not stated instead, an implied hypothesis was used to see whether or not relationships exist among the predictors: age, antiretroviral treatment, social support, self-care strategies and symptom experience on health -related quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS. This is an example of a non-directional hypothesis (Wood Haber, 2006), where the hypothesis being tested is two-sided but can be tested by acquiring data and subjecting them to statistical analysis. The researchers used words that are mostly clear and understandable. They did not use too many jargons in the stud. Abbreviations like HRQOL, PLWHA and HIV/AIDS are also clearly defined to avoid confusion. Terms also have consistent and coherent definitions throughout the study, especially those operationally defined for this research (Walonick, 2005). The study uses a cross-sectional quantitative study with a non-experimental research design in identifying the respondents level of HRQOL in relation to their age, antiretroviral treatment, social support, symptom experience, and self-care strategies. It means that an observational study using a collection of data on one occasion was made with a specific group of population all at the same time (Walsh Wigens, 2003). It is the appropriate method to be used as it gives a snapshot of what happens in a chosen target group or a phenomenon at one point in time (Babbie, 2010). It is also fit for this research as it is commonly used in social and medical science. However, it also has its weakness or limitation since it only captures the data at one specific time as opposed to longitudinal studies which involve a series of measurements taken over a period of time (Babbie, 2010). Being a non-experimental research, no manipulation of the variables was done and there was no attempt made to chan ge the condition, behaviour or the environment of the variables as they are measured and analysed as they are. The respondents were just made to answer questionnaires that will reflect their own personal experience and at the same time provide data for the researchers perusal. The subjects chosen for the study are 422 people living with HIV/AIDS who visited eight chosen outpatient hospitals in the province of Chiang Rai in the northern part of Thailand. Of which, 188 are males and 234 are females, with ages ranging from 21 to 51 years old. The number of respondents may not be sufficient to completely represent the target population in the research setting but in many circumstances, a smaller sample size may be more significant and usable in investigating a situation in depth from different perspectives, while a large sample would be insignificant especially in social researches (Myers, 2000). The researchers employed the lottery method without replacement in randomly selecting eight hospitals out of the seventeen hospitals in the northern province of Chiang Rai, Thailand. A random sampling method was then made to determine the 422 subjects who will be part of the study. They are people living with HIV/ AIDS who visited the eight chosen outpatient hospitals. The use of lottery method in conjunction with simple random sampling makes the selection of respondents more effective and valid as it ignores repeat selections of element and gives more precise estimators (Kalton, 1983). Clearly, the approach used in sample selection and the sample size are undoubtedly stated. The researchers were able to methodically discuss the procedure undertaken in data collection. They used four questionnaires to gather data from the participants: social support questionnaires, symptom experience questionnaire, self-care strategies questionnaire and health-related quality of life questionnaires. Each of these questionnaires has been carefully chosen and drafted for the study. The three questionnaires for social support, self-care strategies and health-related quality were all adapted from previous research while the questionnaire for symptom experience was drafted basing on the review of literature. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were greatly anchored on the internal consistencies used for each questionnaire. The questionnaires are meticulously reviewed by the researcher to ensure its ability to measure what it intends to measure (Foddy, 1993). However, no mention about pilot testing was made and this may be considered one of the studys weaknesses . Creswell (2003) stated that ethical issues arise most commonly in data collection where confidentiality and anonymity are in careful scrutiny. These concerns are recognised and acted upon by the researchers by ensuring respondents were given due protection and their safety is not abridged. The researchers acquired the approval of the Ethical Review Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects and/or Use of Animals in Research, Health Science Group of Faculties, Colleges and Institutes, Chulalongkorn University, and the Ethical Review Committee for the Biomedical Group, Chiangraiprachanukroh Hospital, Thailand. With human subjects involved in the study, such approval was obtained. The purpose and methods of the study were explained to the participants through the informed consent which acknowledges the participants rights are protected (Creswell, 2003). The results of the study were presented clearly in graphical form and text. The results of the statistical treatment of the data were explained in four concise yet highly informative paragraphs while the demographics of the subjects were presented in a more visual and understandable table (Kumar, 2005). The internal consistencies of the data, using the Cronbachs alpha were also presented accurately, for social support 0.8, for symptom experience which was clustered into six symptoms, fatigue 0.88, nausea 0.92 , diarrhoea 0.93, depression 0.92, neuropathy 0.93 and anxiety 0.92; for self-care strategies 0.77 and finally for HRQOL 0.85. Given all these figures, readers are assured that the results are well calculated and analysed to ensure that high level of validity and reliability is achieved. Four different and highly-structured questionnaires (Overseas Learning Faculty 2004) were used in collecting data. The use of questionnaires is the appropriate technique in obtaining data for cross-sectional designed research or social surveys as it acquires first-hand information from the subjects without alteration or manipulation of their responses (Bryman Bell, 2003). On the other hand, SPSS and LISREL, statistical computer programs that perform higher calculations and structural equation, were used for statistical analysis. Statistical treatments done with the said statistical tool are considered highly correct (Norwegian School of Management, 2009). The results of the data analysis show that path relationships between the variables were investigated to ensure that significant differences are not attributed to variations in other relevant variables. It can also be noted that the data analysis adequately showed the complete information with the test value, degree of freedom and probability for each identified variable, thereby giving more established results. The discussion of the research findings ties together all the pieces of the study and gives a picture of the study as a whole. It relates and translates the figures to literature review thus making it more comprehensible and balanced (Russel, 2002). The researchers were able to go back to literature and discuss that most of their research findings are consistent and similar with the works previously done by other researchers on HRQOL in PLWHA. It also tackled the implications of the subjects socio-economic status, gender, age, social support, antiretroviral treatment, and symptom experience and self-care strategies to their health-related quality of life. The limitation of the study was also acknowledged where the use of cross-sectional model was perceived to be the models weakness since it only gives a snapshot of the existent observable fact at one point in time (Wood Haber, 2006). Thus, it was suggested that future studies should be conducted to further establish the causal relat ionships between the variables longitudinally over a longer period of time to acquire enduring and more reliable research results. The conclusion coheres with and is supported by the results obtained. The researchers conclude that a causal model of HRQOL in PLWHA indicate that most factors have direct and indirect effects on the HRQOL. Consequently, age, social support, antiretroviral treatment, symptom experience, and self-care strategies are considered to be significant factors in explaining and predicting the HRQOL in Thai PLWHA. Furthermore, self-care strategies link social support and antiretroviral treatment with HRQOL in Thai PLWHA. The researchers also presented the implications of the study which are very instrumental in the studys final recommendations. With the findings and conclusions at hand, the researchers strongly recommend feasible propositions to help people living with HIV/AIDS achieve a higher quality of living as they hurdle challenges of immense proportions, including HIV-stigma, lack of social support, and mental health issues such as depression (Jiraphongsa et al., 2009). The researchers gave motivation on the promotion of social support from the family and the community as it was found to be positively correlated with a better quality of life (Fogel, 1998). Observance to antiretroviral treatment, early symptom detection and prompt intervention and practice of self-care strategies must also be ensured to achieve a higher quality of living. The researchers also pointed out the need to conduct future research on this topic to overcome the limitations they met in conducting this academic work for stronger and more reliable results. (2,770 words)

Agatha Christies By the Pricking of My Thumbs Essay -- essays researc

â€Å"By the Pricking of My Thumbs'; by Agatha Christie   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"By the Pricking of My Thumbs'; by Agatha Christie is a wonderful story with kidnappings, a series of murders, a painting with a story to tell, and two sly detectives. The book is set in 1940-1960 England. The plot winds, twists, and turns throughout the book. Numerous characters, almost too many, are introduced every few pages and there is just too much information to take in. Agatha Christie tricks you into thinking that you know what is going on when you really don’t have a clue.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This book starts out by introducing the two main characters who are old detectives named Tommy and Tuppence Beresford. Their Aunt passes away at a ladies home recently. The Aunt owns a picture of a house that is near a canal that comes very im...

Chicken of the Sea Company Essay

Discussion Questions 1. Discuss the consumer decision making process for a product such as canned/packaged tuna and the response hierarchy model this is most likely to be applicable in the purchase of this product. * Consumers of packaged tuna usually go through the low-involvement hierarchy. Unless consumers have loyalty to a certain brand, they usually pick the product with the lowest price. Tuna is not something that will cause consumers to go though cognitive dissonance because of the low-involvement hierarchy. 2. Discuss the role integrated marketing communications plays in the marketing of canned/packaged tuna for a company such as Chicken of the Sea International. How might the company use the various IMC tools as part of its marketing program? * The role IMC plays in marketing canned/packaged tuna is to establish brand identity and equity. Chicken of the Sea has a target market of women usually 25-54 years old. The idea of promoting the product with the use of Jessica Simpson will help to promote the product to different target audiences, in order to create brand awareness. The company established a budget for hiring Simpson at $11 million in 2004.   Then they must develop an integrated market communications program before implementing the strategies. The company will then implement the strategies through ads on television, radio etc. The company then must monitor and evaluate the program in order to assure that hiring Simpson is benefiting the company and brand identity. 3. Discuss how Chicken of the Sea’s marketing personnel and advertising agency might evaluate the appropriateness of using Jessica Simpson as a spokesperson for the company and whether she is a good fit for the brand. * Chicken of the Sea’s marketing personnel and advertising agency has a lot to evaluate when deciding whether Jessica Simpson is right for their brand. The company was worried if Simpson’s ditzy reputation was something that they wanted representing their products. Chicken of the Sea’s target market usually consists of 25 to 54 year old women and since Simpson is popular among teens, they were not sure how their target market would react to her.   They also had to evaluate how they were going to use Jessica Simpson when promoting the product. The company was nervous that advertising Simpson through television commercials was going to be too expensive and too risky. 4. Discuss the pros and cons of Chicken of the Sea International hiring Jessica Simpson as a spokesperson for the company. Can the company  afford to hire her and spend the money on TV advertising to use her effectively? * Jessica Simpson could be an asset to Chicken of the Sea. Having her as a spokesperson could bring in new customers and establish brand awareness to people outside of their target market. If the company feels that having Simpson on television commercials to promote the product is expensive, they can utilize her singing talents and have a new Chicken of the Sea jingle. The jingle could be played on the radio and it will reach many different audiences. The downside to having Jessica Simpson as a spokesperson is that Simpson’s personality may not agree with the company’s target market that is usually very loyal to the brand. In addition, hiring Simpson as the spokesperson would cost at least one million dollars. If the marketing plan fails, this could r esult in a massive loss. 5. What would you do if you were Don George? Would you recommend that the company hire Simpson as a spokesperson? Why or why not? * The pros of hiring Jessica Simpson as a spokesperson can definitely outweigh the cons. Simpson generated a great deal of buzz from her television by not being able to differentiate between chicken and tuna. Many people heard about it even if they did not follow the show. Don George should capitalize on that buzz and hire Simpson. Not only could she be promoted through television commercials, but she could be used in radio advertisements and magazines. Although these advertisements are expensive, using Simpson should generate brand awareness that could give Chicken of the Sea advantage over its competitors and generate revenue.

Daytime Television †Creative Writing Journal Informal Essay

Daytime Television – Creative Writing Journal Informal Essay Free Online Research Papers Daytime Television Creative Writing Journal Informal Essay Ah, home after a long three hour and ten minute day at school. Now it is time to relax. I sit down at the computer to check my mail and delete the spam that AOL never catches. Then I keep current on my little eBay â€Å"business† to see what is happening. After a disappointing run-in with that, I wonder what I can do next. â€Å"Hmm†¦,† I think to myself. â€Å"Why don’t I watch the television for awhile?† So, I go flip on the TV and sit down on the couch. I find the local channels flooded with the most enriching and entertaining programs. Why there are all sorts of things that I can see. First up, there are many infomercials on air. These are quite informative. Just the other day, I learned about how I can start selling novelties for large profits because I am able to buy them at wholesale. Not to mention that if the guy who played Richard’s dad on Happy Days says it is good, well I suppose it has to work, because that guy is rich. So, is the one person in Florida who makes five million dollars a year through mail-order business and the policeman who started with just fifty dollars in his pocket. I mean, this sure saved him from delivering mail or something and having to walk fifteen miles through the snow on his route uphill both ways. After this, there is a wonderful history lesson on foot orthotics and supports. The lesson slowly evolves into selling a product, as all infomercials do. It shows that if you stand up straight with your feet together and your arms bent in front of you at 90 degree angles with your hands together and someone pushes down on your hands, you will most likely stand on your tiptoes. But, if buy their product and someone pushes down on your hands while if you stand up straight with your feet together and your arms bent in front of you at 90 degree angles with your hands together, you will stand with your feet firmly on the ground. This simple parlor trick is available to viewer starting at only $49.99. And who can resist Tony Little’s Gazelle Elite? With Tony screaming for thirty minutes and assistants named Lisa, Lisa, and Dave, no one can. Nor can you not watch Chuck Norris challenge people at the local gym to try out the Total Gym. Best of all they can isolate their muscles on this machine. And for only $300 plus shipping and handling, I can look like Chuck Norris, or I can try the Gazelle Freestyle in my home risk free for thirty days for $14.95. I am guaranteed to love it. I think the subliminal messages are best said when the food commercials come on before the exercising commercials. For example, the Ultimate chopper can convert to the Ultimate blender and it makes the ultimate meals for the ultimate price. It makes the ultimate gift for the ultimate neighbor, friend, relative, guy on the street†¦. They tell you to buy three but one will ultimately suffice. It never breaks down, never wears out, and is guaranteed for life. And for all the viewers in Utah, buy one for each wife. Buy them left, buy them right, use it day and night but put lid on tight so it doesn’t take flight, the Ultimate Chopper is out of sight. With three ultimate payments of $39.99, it is the ultimate aid for the ultimate dine. The infomercials on FOX are a cry of relief from the soap operas on ABC, NBC and CBS. It does always seem that As the World Turns, the Days of Our Lives fade into the Passions of our desires. Although the Young and Restless second-rate actors and actresses could probably use a Guiding Light to get to the General Hospital for mental health, their Bold and Beautiful mindsets scream that they only have One Life to Live. Personally, I would not want All My Children watching any of these never-ending dramas. However, there is something to be said about these shows; their influential and addictive. Their target audience is women, but even men get caught up in the crap. They have inspired ideas for other shows as well. F?R?I?E?N?D?S, a situation-comedy, has a character, Joey (Matt LeBlanc), whose character played on Days of Our Lives as Dr. Drake Remorà ©. The show portrayed Joey as a not-so-great actor who eventually was killed off of Days of Our Lives for blabbing that he wrote h is own lines. And during an interview with a soap opera reporter on the show, when asked what his favorite soap was, Joey replied, â€Å"I never watch that crap, I have a life.† Such poetry was said in those few words. Amazing how a show on NBC can attack another show on NBC. One can only assume that there is a good reason for this. In conclusion, one word: Maury, self-explanatory. Daytime television has progressed from mindless drivel to pointless crap. Its main purpose is to serve as filler between the News at Noon and the News at Five for the News Channels. It is the anchor’s lunch break and prep time. It is what they put on to keep your interest. While they get ready to inform you about local and world events, they give you insight into the events of a messed-up imaginary world that could convince a mental patient on suicide watch that real life is not all that bad, or they try to sell you something. By the way, these programs â€Å"do not necessarily reflect the views of the station or its affiliates.† They do not necessarily reflect my views either. So here is a bit of advice: From 12 to 4 PM, your time is better spent to go outside, read a book, get a job, play a game, watch cable or satellite television, stay in school, or anything else other than watching local TV. Do yourself a favor and do not kill brain cells that could live a longer, happier life helping you reason and think and not drool while you sit in your recliner staring at what looks like TV, but is actually not; it is just filler, like the twelve song album of a one-hit-wonder. Research Papers on Daytime Television - Creative Writing Journal Informal EssayAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Hockey GameMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Spring and AutumnNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceTrailblazing by Eric Anderson

Battle of Cedar Creek - The Battle of Cedar Creek - Civil War 1864

Battle of Cedar Creek - The Battle of Cedar Creek - Civil War 1864 Battle of Cedar Creek - Conflict Date: The Battle of Cedar Creek was fought October 19, 1864, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Armies Commanders Union Major General Philip H. Sheridan31,945 men Confederate Lieutenant General Jubal A. Early21,000 men Battle of Cedar Creek - Moving to Contact: After a succession of defeats at the hands of Major General Philip Sheridans Army of the Shenandoah in early fall 1864, Confederate Lieutenant General Jubal Early retreated up the Shenandoah Valley to regroup. Believing that Early was beaten, Sheridan began making plans to return Major General Horatio Wrights VI Corps to Petersburg to aid in Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grants efforts to take the city. Understanding the valleys importance as a source of food and supplies for his army, General Robert E. Lee dispatched reinforcements to Early. With his army augmented, Early pushed north to Fishers Hill on October 13, 1864. Learning of this, Sheridan recalled VI Corps to his armys camp along Cedar Creek. Though alarmed by Earlys move, Sheridan still elected to attend a conference in Washington and left Wright in command of the army. Returning, Sheridan spent the night of October 18/19 at Winchester, approximately fourteen miles north of Cedar Creek. While Sheridan was away, Major General John Gordon and topographical engineer Jedediah Hotchkiss ascended Massanutten Mountain and surveyed the Union position. From their vantage point, they determined that the Union left flank was vulnerable. Wright believed that it was protected by the North Fork of the Shenandoah River and had arrayed the army to repel an attack on its right. Developing a daring attack plan, the two presented it to Early who immediately approved it. At Cedar Creek, the Union army was in camp with Major General George Crooks VII Corps near the river, Major General William Emorys XIX Corps in the center, and Wrights VI Corps on right. On the far right was Major General Alfred Torberts Cavalry Corps with divisions led by Brigadier Generals Wesley Merritt and George Custer. On the night of October 18/19, Earlys command moved out in three columns. Marching by moonlight, Gordon led a three-division column along the base of Massanutten to McInturffs and Colonel Bowmans fords. Capturing the Union pickets, they crossed the river and formed on Crooks left flank around 4:00 AM. To the west, Early moved north up the Valley Turnpike with the divisions of Major General Joseph Kershaw and Brigadier General Gabriel Wharton. Battle of Cedar Creek - The Fighting Begins: Moving through Strasburg, Early remained with Kershaw as the division moved right and formed just past Bowmans Mill Ford. Wharton continued up the turnpike and deployed on Hupps Hill. Though a heavy fog descended on the field around dawn, the battle commenced at 5:00 AM when Kershaws men opened fire and advanced on Crooks front. A few minutes later, Gordons assault began again Brigadier General Rutherford B. Hayes division on Crooks left. Catching the Union troops by surprise in their camps, the Confederates succeeded in quickly routing Crooks men. Believing that Sheridan was at nearby Belle Grove plantation, Gordon drove his men on in the hopes of capturing the Union general. Alerted to the danger, Wright and Emory began working to form a defensive line along the Valley Turnpike. As this resistance began to take shape, Wharton attacked across Cedar Creek at Stickleys Mill. Taking the Union lines to his front, he men captured seven guns. Under heavy pressure and fire from Confederate artillery across the creek, Union forces were steadily pushed back past Belle Grove. With Crook and Emorys corps badly beaten, VI Corps formed a strong defensive line anchored on Cedar Creek and covering the higher ground north of Bell Grove. Repulsing attacks from Kershaw and Gordons men, they provided time for their comrades to retreat to the north of nearby Middletown. Having halted Earlys attacks, VI Corps withdrew as well. While the infantry regrouped, Torberts cavalry, having defeated a weak thrust by Brigadier General Thomas Rossers Confederate horse, moved to the left of the new Union line above Middletown. This movement caused Early to shift troops to meet the potential threat. Advancing north of Middletown, Early formed a new line opposite the Union position, but failed to press his advantage believing he had already won a victory and due to many of his men having halted to pillage the Union camps. Having learned of the fighting, Sheridan departed Winchester and, riding at high speed, arrived on the field around 10:30 AM. Quickly assessing the situation, he placed VI Corps on the left, along the Valley Pike and XIX Corps on the right. Crooks shattered corps was put in reserve. Battle of Cedar Creek - The Tide Turns: Shifting Custers division to his right flank, Sheridan rode across the front of his new line to rally the men before preparing a counterattack. Around 3:00 PM, Early launched a minor attack which was easily defeated. Thirty minutes later XIX Corps and Custer advanced against the Confederate left which was in the air. Extending his line west, Custer thinned Gordons division which was holding Earlys flank. Then launching a massive assault, Custer overran Gordons men causing the Confederate line to start breaking from west to east. At 4:00 PM, with Custer and XIX Corps having success, Sheridan ordered a general advance. With Gordon and Kershaws men breaking on the left, Major General Stephen Ramseurs division mounted a stiff defense in the center until their commander fell mortally wounded. His army disintegrating, Early began retreating south, pursued by Union cavalry. Harried until after dark, Early lost most of his artillery when the bridge at Spanglers Ford collapsed. Aftermath of the Battle of Cedar Creek: In the fighting at Cedar Creek, Union forces suffered 644 dead, 3,430 wounded, and 1,591 missing/captured, while the Confederates lost 320 dead, 1,540 wounded, 1050 missing/captured. In addition, Early lost 43 guns and the bulk of his supplies. Having failed to retain the momentum of the mornings successes, Early was overwhelmed by Sheridans charismatic leadership and ability to rally his men. The defeat effectively gave control of the valley to the Union and eliminated Earlys army as an effective force. In addition, coupled with Union successes at Mobile Bay and Atlanta, the victory virtually ensured the re-election of President Abraham Lincoln.

Free Essays on Research Methods

There are many ways to go about gathering information for research. Two different yet effective ways to gather this information is through the experimental method and the survey method. Both methods can provide extremely accurate results. The Experimental method allows the researcher to have great control over how the experiment is given. The survey method is accurate because it lets the researcher to get the thoughts and opinions of a much larger sample population. The differences of the two methods are what researches look at when trying to decide what method would be the best for their application. The experimental method allows the researcher to be completely objective, while the questions in a survey may not be phrased quite as objectively. Often, researches want to get â€Å"real world† information. In a case like this, the survey method would be a much better choice. Because of the experimental method’s artificial setting, the results may not reflect what would happen in the â€Å"real world.† With a hypothesis that frustration leads to aggressive behavior, the experimental method would probably show the best, most accurate results. The independent variable is the factor that is being changed and tested by the investigator. The independent variable in the aggressive behavior experiment would be whether or not the sample or subject is frustrated. The dependent variable is the factor being measured by the investigator. In this experiment, the investigator could put the subject through a frustrating task (manipulating the independent variable); the investigator would then measure the difference in the amount of aggression in the person when he/she was frustrated and when he/she was calm. Thus, the dependent variable would be the measure of the amount of aggression the subject had. The control is the subject that has had the independent variable withheld. The best control for this experiment would be to have th... Free Essays on Research Methods Free Essays on Research Methods There are many ways to go about gathering information for research. Two different yet effective ways to gather this information is through the experimental method and the survey method. Both methods can provide extremely accurate results. The Experimental method allows the researcher to have great control over how the experiment is given. The survey method is accurate because it lets the researcher to get the thoughts and opinions of a much larger sample population. The differences of the two methods are what researches look at when trying to decide what method would be the best for their application. The experimental method allows the researcher to be completely objective, while the questions in a survey may not be phrased quite as objectively. Often, researches want to get â€Å"real world† information. In a case like this, the survey method would be a much better choice. Because of the experimental method’s artificial setting, the results may not reflect what would happen in the â€Å"real world.† With a hypothesis that frustration leads to aggressive behavior, the experimental method would probably show the best, most accurate results. The independent variable is the factor that is being changed and tested by the investigator. The independent variable in the aggressive behavior experiment would be whether or not the sample or subject is frustrated. The dependent variable is the factor being measured by the investigator. In this experiment, the investigator could put the subject through a frustrating task (manipulating the independent variable); the investigator would then measure the difference in the amount of aggression in the person when he/she was frustrated and when he/she was calm. Thus, the dependent variable would be the measure of the amount of aggression the subject had. The control is the subject that has had the independent variable withheld. The best control for this experiment would be to have th...

Project Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project - Coursework Example All it would require from a customer or the owner of the bag would be to download an application to his or her mobile phone and have the tracking process enabled henceforth. In order to realize maximize on returns and profits, we would customize or segment the business into various parts based on demography and the behaviors of the customers. For instance, the preference of the youth relative to the tracking device and bags is obviously different from threat of the elderly. The rich would have their devices customized to higher pedigree and specialization, so will the social classes be treated, based on the same criteria. As a matter of fact and principle, the device is critical and important because it serves tow outright roles and functions such as enabling the owner to gauge in advance the weight of bag. It is needless to mention the fact that a person would be saved the embarrassment or inconvenience of shading off extra baggage once one is at the airport in front of people. However, one would also have the added benefit of knowing the actual location of his or her bag at the airport. This comes in the wake of the fact that suitcase mix up are common in airports, especially the busy ones. Similarly, the device would enable the owner to know the weight of the bag or luggage and how much he or she would be charged in case of overload if one is at the airport. This is to ensure that the customer or the owner of the bag would be in the know in case of any eventuality. The device ensures the weight of the suitcase is checked and its location pin-pointed accurately. Given the nature of this business, our initial target market would be travelers in Qatar, where the human traffic and activity at the airport are usually high. This also stems from the fact that the prospects of travelers mixing and losing their bags are usually high in these

Post Confederation Canadian History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Post Confederation Canadian History - Essay Example As a ruling myth, nationalism was used to eclipse other social divisions, especially class, by positing an overarching national identity that promoted relations of domination and discouraged an effective, united challenge to the system through scapegoating 'others.' In the nationalist discourse of the social reform movement, concepts of race and nation were fused and simultaneously based on the principles of exclusion and inclusion. Consequently, as Robert Miles argues for the similar British case, 'racism' formed 'the lining of the cloak of nationalism.' Gender ideals -- women's 'respectable' role as domestic manager, reproducer, and nurturer -- also interacted with concepts of nation, race, and class in the reform project as women's proper role in the domestic sphere was considered essential to 'Canadianizing' the working class. State intervention in the housing sphere in the interwar period was limited when compared with initiatives in the post-Second World War era; fewer than 7000 houses were built under government auspices in the period. But the discourse of housing betterment, along with its counterparts in other areas of social policy and the practical measures implemented at the local level, assisted in strengthening the popular fiction of 'Canadian' supremacy and spreading the bigoted message that 'outsiders' (however loosely defined) were to blame for the country's problems. This attitude dovetailed neatly with the divide-and-rule strategy pursued by government officials increasingly concerned with the intense class struggles of the period. Social planning experiments were circumscribed but nevertheless emblematic of significant developments in the history of the Canadian state and reform ideas. Central to this process was the contribution of housing reformers to the question of what constituted the Canadian nation and, more crucially, a 'proper' Canadian. Reform-minded state officials sought popular legitimacy by reinforcing pre-existing notions of the dangerous 'other' -- non-British, non-white 'races' and 'nations' and, increasingly, urban native-born and British immigrant workers -- in stark opposition to the ideal of the cherished and respectable 'white British Canadian.' Simultaneously, the reform tendencies of the period sustained and deepened the conviction that women's role was solely in the home as nurturer and Canadianizer of the 'race.' Through reform propaganda and practical implementation of various housing reform measures, it proved useful for reformers to attribute social and economic afflictions to the so-called inferiority and 'un-Canadianness' of various social groups --immigrants, women, and workers -- rather than to structural flaws in the capitalist sys tem itself. 'Reform' in the First World War period can be defined as an approach advocating state intervention in the economy and society to alleviate the social problems of capitalism and thereby preserve the system itself. The role housing reform could play, as part of the larger project of securing social consent by stabilizing family structures and contributing to the construction of a distinct national identity, constituted a pivotal concern in the discourse of the reform effort. Yet without losing sight of this distinct regulatory thrust from above, it is also necessary to chart

WOTS UP Analysis and Company Capability Profile for Roche Essay

WOTS UP Analysis and Company Capability Profile for Roche - Essay Example The paper tells that throughout the years, Roche has followed a policy of making strategic acquisitions and divestures to position the company for growth and ensure it remains at the forefront of the health industry. It is important to provide a safe, quality, and cost efficient products in order to open up new avenues for growth. However, in order to build on these the company needs to overcome the strengths and weaknesses to have a strong stage for future growth. The Company Capability Profile, which examines a company's Strengths and Weaknesses by assess the degree of its Managerial, Competitive, Financial, and Technical Strength and Weakness. In order for this to happen, the establishment must perform a company capability profile to assess its internal environment for particular strengths and weaknesses that must be addressed. Finally, a strategic position and action evaluation takes into account the firm’s financial strengths and competitive advantages with respect to the strength of its industry and the overall environmental stability. WOTS-UP Analysis, short for as Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats, and Strength, is a highly effective method used for information gathered via a funnel process. This will help the Planning Committee highlight major issues and then narrow them to the few that are most vital. These decisions will help create a mission statement, select priority roles, and identify goals and objectives. WOTS-UP Analysis captures the strengths and weakness within Roche and the opportunities and threats that exist in their surroundings. ... also be done to takes into account the firm's financial strengths and competitive advantages with respect to the strength of its industry and the overall environmental stability. WOTS-UPp Analysis By: Michelle Wong WOTS-UPp Analysis, short for as Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats, and Strength, is a highly effective method used for synthesizing information gathered on aspects that may be internal or external to the company via a funnel process. This will helps the companyPlanning Committee highlight major issues and then narrow them to the few that are most vital. These decisions will help create a mission statement, select priority roles, and identify goals and objectives. WOTS-UPp Analysis captures the Sstrengths and Wweaknesses within Roche and the Oopportunities and Tthreats that exist outside in theirits surroundings. These analyses emphasize areas to be leveraged and stress areas for improvement within the firm and within their industry and market. iv Company Capability Profile: Roche Central Nervous System Segment Company Capability Profile: Central Nervous System By: Michelle Wong Managerial Factors By: Michelle Wong The key to reviving Roche's own drug development is new to emphasize value-based management, more consistent with the systematic "Winning For The Future" manifesto. Especially Wwithin the past decades especially, Roche played a much less significant role in the Central Nervous System segment of the pharmaceuticals market, which accounted for which accounted for .16% of the market share globally. Although, Rocheit is managesing to exceed its limitsobjectives in its Oncology and Diagnostic segments, but if Roche does not stand uptake action and start to learn how to balance in all segments then Roche's corporate image will be

Isolated By The Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Isolated By The Internet - Essay Example The positive outcomes of the internet revolution are many. But there are negative aspects also. Stoll brings forth researched viewpoints of the psychologists and personal observations supported by documented studies in support of his stand. Stoll quotes facts from the research conducted by Carnegie Mellon University psychologists Robert Kraut and Vicki Lundmark. (393)Some top-ranking computer companies aided the research project but the outcome is not to their favor. The findings are â€Å"[a]fter following the study group, the psychologists found an average increase in depression by about 1 percent for every hour spent online per week.†(393)Another finding is, social relationships online develop at the cost of the individual to individual social involvement. Good and bad effects of internet In a well-written article, Stoll presents good and bad effects of internet and how people are isolated by it, by too much dependency. He mentions how â€Å"one friend tells how she found a support group for an obscure medical condition.†(392) It is a well-known fact that many youngsters have entered into wedlock by corresponding/chatting through the internet. Wired family members are able to keep in touch through email and such communications have become popular. Stoll admits without hesitation â€Å"the electronic virtual community is a positive social development† (393). Internet causes degrading communication skills according to psychologist Kimberly Young. (396)He also uses College and University reports to support his viewpoints. Stoll employs UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles) loneliness Scale for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale to show that on average depression increase 1 percent for every hour a person is online per week (393). This is an alarming finding. The limitations of the advantages of internet Stoll is an expert on computer security and is well-versed about the technical aspects of the use and impact of computers in t he day to day life of an individual. He makes clear the isolating factors and states that internet offers anonymity. To manage too many relationships demands time and energy and the chance of developing meaningful relationships are too little. Non-personal contacts within the information highway are fine for some time, video games offer a release from reality and a distraction from depression, but they are not long-term solutions for the betterment of the society. People make friendships with many through the internet, without knowing why for they are doing so. Every relationship should have a purpose, and with too many contacts, the purpose is lost. Thus, one addicted to the internet, one develops complications in personality. Control technology, otherwise it will control you Internet use has caused many new social and psychological conditions. The issue with us is we take the benefits of the technological progress and advantages of the internet revolution for granted. Technology c an be an important tool in providing plenty and prosperity to the life of an individual in monetary terms, but one must accept and adopt it in suitable increments, to get the real benefit. If your gain is at the cost of happiness of your family life, it is not good to chase such gains. Stoll urges people to consider the harms of internet use from the viewpoints of children and its overall impact on family life. It is causing dent in the family values, reducing the time of personal interactions, and distances one from the realities of life. Many office-goers bring their work home and have no time to interact with children. Their playtime is robbed by the office files and procedures and the

Product Quality Testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Product Quality Testing - Essay Example The big question here is how much testing needs to be done, because the testing requires time, which is precious because the clients and users want the product as soon as possible. The paper will include sources that will be used in order to support the question of how much testing needs to be done in order to ensure a good quality product and to show that there is a problem when too much or too little testing is done. A review of literature will be presented to show how we come up with the conclusion. The review includes the study done by Rothman (2001) on release criteria. Rothman (2001) tackles when to release a software/ Also in the article written by Barbara Tallent (2008) she discusses when it is enough for testing and releases it in market. At the end of the paper a conclusion was given and the paper will try to find the best answer on the addressed question. In the article written by Johanna Rothman (2001) "Release Criteria: Defining the Rules of the Product Release Game," he discusses the problems involve in releasing the product early. He also point out that the decision of releasing the product comes from the higher authority of the organization usually the production managers. The article includes the case of Rita who heads the team in developing software. The production manager is being pressured by the customers and needs to release the product as soon as possible. In order to do so Rita and PM releases criteria for the team to decide. The criterion includes; All code must compile and build for all platforms Zero high priority bugs For all open bugs, documentation in release notes with workarounds All planned QA tests run, at least 90 percent pass. Number of open defects decreasing for the last three weeks. Feature x unit tested by developers, system tested by QA, verified with customers A, B before release. All open defects evaluated by cross-functional team. The decision in releasing the product at earlier time should comply with the release criteria. The release criteria objectives are specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and trackable. Before releasing the product it should agreed upon by the entire project team and understood by senior management. The reasons for such release should be reasonable enough. Rothman (2001) in the article uses the release criteria to evaluate whether the product can be release or not. This also assesses the entire project and the prediction of an early warning on the incoming problem on the product. Based on the article a product can be released as long as it complies with the release criteria created by the team. Another review on the immature release of the product is shown in the article written by Bernadette Tallent (2008). In this article she presented a case study wherein the VP of marketing for a software company was about to release a new product. The product was incomplete and the team knows it. Extensive user testing on the product has been done and they concluded that the product was missing several key features. Meetings have been done to assess whether or not to release the product in the market. In order to decide in releasing or not releasing the product the group listed trade offs: Reasons to Release The product was stable The product was due to be announced at an Internet World - if we missed the release date we would miss the

Art History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 8

Art History - Essay Example He incorporated classical elements such as round arches instead of the common pointed ones resulting to fully-scaled figures. These figures were relied in formation of compositions in Roman. Later, Glovanni, Pisano’s son, introduced a contrasting version of art by arranging figures loosely and dynamically creating excitement in the evolving art motion (Kleiner, 23-30). Painting architecture during ancient Italy patronage system was the influence by the fall of Constantinople in 1204. One of the leading painters, Bonaventura used oil to paint on wood focusing on church figures such as saints. Biblical narratives were a great source of influence in painting which led to the construction of churches in the 13th century. This led to development of laypersons in the 14th and 15th century who dedicated themselves to strict religious observance (Kleiner, 37-40). Between 14th and 16th century training to become a formal artist became a necessity through which an individual acquired membership in the appropriate guild. Humanist and artist Leon Battista Alberti set the rules governing the art of painting. Pietro Lorenzetti contribution pictorial realism in 14th century incepted a new feature in arts. Flemish painters were evolving new methods in oil painting that permitted them to paint human beings and substance in amazingly life like way, using palettes of vivacious descriptions. Prior to this, arts were religious in character. Structural innovation, involving careful inspection of what lay directly before an artist eye started taking place. Artists introduced illusionistic representation in fashion and visual form all societal concerns (Kleiner, 43-57). Inclusion of secular them in art work was a reflection of the evolving societal. With seclusion of laymen and women strictly following religious doctrines, other societal members relied on artwork to express their views on religion and the world (Kleiner, 60-77). Throughout the fourteenth,

Isolated By The Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Isolated By The Internet - Essay Example The positive outcomes of the internet revolution are many. But there are negative aspects also. Stoll brings forth researched viewpoints of the psychologists and personal observations supported by documented studies in support of his stand. Stoll quotes facts from the research conducted by Carnegie Mellon University psychologists Robert Kraut and Vicki Lundmark. (393)Some top-ranking computer companies aided the research project but the outcome is not to their favor. The findings are â€Å"[a]fter following the study group, the psychologists found an average increase in depression by about 1 percent for every hour spent online per week.†(393)Another finding is, social relationships online develop at the cost of the individual to individual social involvement. Good and bad effects of internet In a well-written article, Stoll presents good and bad effects of internet and how people are isolated by it, by too much dependency. He mentions how â€Å"one friend tells how she found a support group for an obscure medical condition.†(392) It is a well-known fact that many youngsters have entered into wedlock by corresponding/chatting through the internet. Wired family members are able to keep in touch through email and such communications have become popular. Stoll admits without hesitation â€Å"the electronic virtual community is a positive social development† (393). Internet causes degrading communication skills according to psychologist Kimberly Young. (396)He also uses College and University reports to support his viewpoints. Stoll employs UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles) loneliness Scale for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale to show that on average depression increase 1 percent for every hour a person is online per week (393). This is an alarming finding. The limitations of the advantages of internet Stoll is an expert on computer security and is well-versed about the technical aspects of the use and impact of computers in t he day to day life of an individual. He makes clear the isolating factors and states that internet offers anonymity. To manage too many relationships demands time and energy and the chance of developing meaningful relationships are too little. Non-personal contacts within the information highway are fine for some time, video games offer a release from reality and a distraction from depression, but they are not long-term solutions for the betterment of the society. People make friendships with many through the internet, without knowing why for they are doing so. Every relationship should have a purpose, and with too many contacts, the purpose is lost. Thus, one addicted to the internet, one develops complications in personality. Control technology, otherwise it will control you Internet use has caused many new social and psychological conditions. The issue with us is we take the benefits of the technological progress and advantages of the internet revolution for granted. Technology c an be an important tool in providing plenty and prosperity to the life of an individual in monetary terms, but one must accept and adopt it in suitable increments, to get the real benefit. If your gain is at the cost of happiness of your family life, it is not good to chase such gains. Stoll urges people to consider the harms of internet use from the viewpoints of children and its overall impact on family life. It is causing dent in the family values, reducing the time of personal interactions, and distances one from the realities of life. Many office-goers bring their work home and have no time to interact with children. Their playtime is robbed by the office files and procedures and the

Art History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 8

Art History - Essay Example He incorporated classical elements such as round arches instead of the common pointed ones resulting to fully-scaled figures. These figures were relied in formation of compositions in Roman. Later, Glovanni, Pisano’s son, introduced a contrasting version of art by arranging figures loosely and dynamically creating excitement in the evolving art motion (Kleiner, 23-30). Painting architecture during ancient Italy patronage system was the influence by the fall of Constantinople in 1204. One of the leading painters, Bonaventura used oil to paint on wood focusing on church figures such as saints. Biblical narratives were a great source of influence in painting which led to the construction of churches in the 13th century. This led to development of laypersons in the 14th and 15th century who dedicated themselves to strict religious observance (Kleiner, 37-40). Between 14th and 16th century training to become a formal artist became a necessity through which an individual acquired membership in the appropriate guild. Humanist and artist Leon Battista Alberti set the rules governing the art of painting. Pietro Lorenzetti contribution pictorial realism in 14th century incepted a new feature in arts. Flemish painters were evolving new methods in oil painting that permitted them to paint human beings and substance in amazingly life like way, using palettes of vivacious descriptions. Prior to this, arts were religious in character. Structural innovation, involving careful inspection of what lay directly before an artist eye started taking place. Artists introduced illusionistic representation in fashion and visual form all societal concerns (Kleiner, 43-57). Inclusion of secular them in art work was a reflection of the evolving societal. With seclusion of laymen and women strictly following religious doctrines, other societal members relied on artwork to express their views on religion and the world (Kleiner, 60-77). Throughout the fourteenth,

Truman Show Essay Example for Free

Truman Show Essay Jim Carrey’s complex upbringing has led to a niche in cinema for him that can’t be described as anything else but one of a kind.   While he started his career in Hollywood off being recognized mostly as a funny man, he soon expanded this persona with his performances in such films as Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, The Majestic, and recently the highly acclaimed 23.   Many critics consider Carey’s decision to take on the role of Truman in The Truman Show as the focal point of his expansion of the comedic archetype.    This essay attempts to assess what is so significant about Jim Carey and his particular performance in The Truman Show. Jim Carrey has been famous for his roles as a comedian since he first hit the big screen in the early 1990’s. He was born in Canada on January 17, 1962. He started working in the 80’s, at small comedy clubs. Carrey moved from Canada to Los Angeles in the 80’s to try and get more work. His biggest break was in 1994 with the comedy Ace Ventura: Pet Detective. He continued making slap stick comedies in the years to follow, including Dumb and Dumber, The Mask and Liar Liar. In 1998 Jim Carrey took on the role of Truman Burbank, a role that would change his career and audience perception of him. Not only was The Truman Show making Jim Carrey step away from his slap stick, low comedy side, he was experimenting with a much darker comedy. This shocked his audience at first because everyone assumed any film Jim Carrey was in, had to be laugh out loud funny. No one had seen a darker side of him. After The Truman Show, Jim Carrey accumulated a much larger fan base. People became fascinated by the ideas and themes that The Truman Show addressed. Jim Carrey continues making people laugh all over the world. People will flock to his comedic movies because they know that they will always have a sense of Jim Carrey humor. He has a way of acting that is all his own. The films he stars in, not only draw a huge audience, they also have an affect on his audience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay will look at Jim Carrey as a comedy comedian, with specific focus on his darker comedic role in The Truman Show and its affect on society. Although The Truman Show is considered a comedy, its themes touched on issues that in the 90’s were still unaware to most people. The idea that someone was always watching scared society. Webcams, and reality television was still new and being developed. The thought of watching other people’s lives wasn’t interesting to society yet. The only shows that were considered reality were â€Å"Cops† and MTV’s â€Å"The Real World.† These followed regular people around and showed them doing everyday normal things, like eating, shopping and seeing friends. This began to fascinate and attract people; and once The Truman Show came out it sparked a chain of shows surrounding the idea of ‘Big Brother,’ we are always being watched. Within a short people of time reality television and media started to run our lives. As the 90’s progressed Jim Carrey’s comedies went from slapstick humor to more serious humor. The Truman show questioned if Jim Carrey would remain a comedian comic or take on the role of more versatile actor. He was originally known as a funny guy, who couldn’t be taken seriously. Once he took on roles that still had comedic aspects but had a lot more depth he was able to reach a larger audience and impact more people with his versatility. He shows that there is humor in the most dramatic situations and his classic comedic timing only further enforces his ability as an actor.. All the reviews I read categorized The Truman Show as high comedy. Jim Carrey’s actions are funnier then what is actually happening. Very often his facial expressions and actions imply a deeper, or even darker meaning than what is on the surface.   The theme of the movie is much deeper and more profound than one might want to initially think.. This is partly why Jim Carey has been able to command so much money at the box office.   His ability to connect with audiences of all ages has much to do with his highly animated performances combined with their adult implications.   Reviewers were shocked at first to see Jim Carrey in such a serious role. In a review on time.com title â€Å"Smile! Your life’s on TV† the article said once the script was sold the producer took the script straight to Jim Carrey because â€Å"Jim had the kind of madness the project needed to ultimately get made. His warmth was a hedge against a movie that could have been on the cold side and needed someone with audience sympathy(Corliss). The underlining theme in the film is finding yourself and finding your true identity and Jim Carrey does this in a way that he brings comedy and seriousness to the role. This is a very mature concept, and one that might not always be expected from a comedian.   In most reviews, reviewers agree that Jim Carrey carries the movie. One reviewer said, â€Å"For Carrey detractors who are easily turned off by the comic’s rubber-faced antics, The Truman Show proves to be an eye-opener. Not only does Carrey remain rigidly-controlled and reigned in, but it would be fair to call his performance both understated and effective†(Berardinelli, James). When reviewers are commenting on comedy, especially any comedy Jim Carrey is in the reviewer assumes it is going to be a laugh out loud comedy. When they walk into a Jim Carrey movie, whether it is serious or not they are always in hopes of escaping into a world full of laughter. He turns every role he has into a character, because that is what a comedian comic does when he acts. Audiences always react positively to Jim Carrey’s comedic characters. It is only when he stars in serious roles that his audience begins to question him. In many reviews for The Truman Show rarely do any of them come out and say that the film is a comedy. One review I read brought up questions about the film and one of the questions was, â€Å"how badly will marketing The Truman Show as a comedy hurt the movie when viewers realize that’s not what it is†(Berardinelli, James)? Reviewers do not give an exact definition for comedy when they are talking about The Truman Show. On a review on IMDB a reviewer says, â€Å"No, it’s not a comedy, wellnot exactly.† I didn’t quite understand until I watched it myself. Truman takes on a tone quite different than any parody/comedies I’ve seen lately†(IMDB). Jim Carrey’s versatility draws even more audience and fans. He has now acquired an even larger fan base. The marketing controversy behind The Truman Show stems from the fact that western audiences are accustomed to seeing Jim Carey as a comedian.   The irony of this that it creates a dual conflict of identity both for Truman and for Carey and the way he is perceived by the public.   The film has multiple layers of understanding of what it means to be both a comedian and a hero. In Krutnicks, Hollywood Comedians, The Film Reader the Steve Seidman essay â€Å"Performance, Enuciation, and Self-Reference in Hollywood Comedian Comedy† talks about Comedian comics. The essays talks about the origins of the comedian comedic. Comedian comedy comes from show business, such as vaudeville. This type of performance acknowledges the audience. Where as a film draws the audience into another world, vaudeville included the audience or made the audience aware that they were watching a show. This is the way a comedian comic acts. They use a lot of big over the top gestures to make something comedic. In The Truman Show Jim Carrey begins to suspect something is weird in his life and begins acting strange. He starts to speak to the ‘camera’ although he doesn’t realize it is a camera. He is acting towards the audience and making them realize they are watching a movie. Jim Carrey does an excellent job at this because he has worked as a show business performer since he first started as a stand up comedian. Jim Carrey is a comedian comic and he steps outside his usual comedic role to play Truman Burbank. He tries his hand at playing a darker comedian. This sparked a series of films were Jim Carrey took on less comedian comedy films. In the end, Carey’s experimental work enhances the depth of his comedic performances.   Carey’s wide eyed zaney antics come off as borderline rational when he is put into situations similar to the Truman character.   In many of his films he has the boyish charm of a man discovering the world for the first time.   In The Truman Show this is exactly what. The Truman Show brought about a lot of controversy after it’s debut. It questioned the sanctity of identity. In Gary Panton’s review on The Truman Show he says, â€Å"It’s an exploration into the idea that we always accept the reality of our surroundings without question.† Once the movie came out people began to question their place, role, and effect in life. They wanted to find their own identities and who they were, because Truman is searching for his identity throughout the whole movie. It raised a lot of questions about who we where and who was watching us. It questioned society’s identity and whether they were safe. They used dark comedy to bring light on an important issue. Having Jim Carrey in the movie alone made viewers assume the film would be comedic. I think by him being in it, it was a comedy. His body language and acting is always comedic. Throughout the course of the film they used comedic tricks to make Truman question where he is. At one point a piece of the lighting set falls from the sky on to Truman’s street. Another example of comedy that they use is when Truman is on the beach and it starts to rain, but to Truman’s surprise the rain storm is only over him and if he walks a couple of feet away he is out of the rain. The Truman Show came out before the huge increase of reality television. After the movie came out reality television skyrocketed. Many of the shows were based on the ideas that came from The Truman Show. As opposed to people not knowing they were being filmed, they knew and were trying to find their identity in front of a camera crew. Most shows set up cameras all over a house or had camera crews follow a person around. This reflects the actions of when Truman finally realizes he is being filmed. He behaves as though he is aware of the camera. This is what reality television stars do. None of these shows are seen as being serious.   Much of this parallels the relationship between the media and the public a complex conflict that has undergone much scholarly debate. One scholar in particular who is considered an expert on many of the conflicts depicted in The Truman Show is Pierre Bourdieu. In all of Bourdieu’s beliefs, his most popular is his assertion that the public does not exist (1984).   This concept is addressed in his book, Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, in that he feels there is a different of class taste between the ruling class and popular culture.   But, within this conflict, there is no public, only a media mediating between the two and a culture to which they often cater to do so.     In John Fiske’s critique on television, Television Culture he analyzes the nature of what makes popular television.   He concludes that the shows that succeed in gaining popularity tend to have many symbols and plot lines containing multiple meanings.   He also states that remain within a duality of containment and resistance (1987). This idea basically revolves around the fact that television producers, who are viewed as the upper class and political elite, are expected to produce material that correspond with popular culture.   This material that the elite minority culture produces for the popular culture contradicts elitist ideals but allows the status quo to remain intact.   This means the political elite can only remain the elite so long as they humor the beliefs and ideals of their less powerful but more dominant counterparts. The rules Fiske establishes for television shows can very easily be applied to the media.   They present the media as a tool being used to prey on the wants and needs of different cultures.   Another media technology that isn’t always addressed is the literary outlets in societies.   This is undoubtedly the reason that Pierre Bourdieu is an acclaimed literary theorist as well, addressing such theorist as reader response theory. The Truman Show talks about social power. It talks about the power that the media have over people. The show is controlling on a larger scale to peoples lives, who spend their life watching it and on a smaller scale the people creating the show and controlling everything Jim Carrey does. The Truman shows creator Christof is controlling what everyone is seeing and saying. He plays the â€Å"God† of Seahaven, the made up town that Truman lives in. There is the outside â€Å"real audience† watching the show and then there are the actors in the show and then there is us, the audience watching the â€Å"real† actors, watching Truman. We are always being controlled. David Thomas and Garry Gillard’ article titled, â€Å"The Truman Show and the programming of reality,† mention this when they say that the film â€Å"poses important questions of identity and reality, because of the way the film uses both diegetic and non-diegetic audiences. This highlights the boundaries between real people, actors, fictional audiences and ‘real’ audiences, and how they are skewed and confused by The Truman Show.†Ã‚   The film also addresses certain concepts of national identity. The idea behind national identity is that one defines their self through the identity of their nation.   In their article, National Identity and Self-Esteem, Jeff Spinner-Halev and Elizabeth Theiss-Morse analyze the nature of national identity.   They adopt the theory that if the self-esteem of an individual is tied to their nation than it’s the perfect proponent to maintain safe and secure nations.   They feel that there is an immediate connection between self respect and group identity; so much so, it could lead to one sacrificing their own personal needs for the good of the group.   They also acknowledge that there is a competitive nature within group self esteem; this meaning that most groups want their group to do better than others.    This is often seen in the patriotic nature of political propaganda, carried out by many countries to convince soldiers to go to war.   This system of control is one known for cajoling groups to fallow a certain program or way of thinking by catering to individuals’ wants, needs, or taking advantage of their fears.   This complex of national identity is a major aspect of a government’s societal control, as well as a significant ideal satirized in The Truman Show. It is most visibly personified in the character of the show’s producer Christof.   He argues that human beings accept the world in which they are presented, and uses this to justify why Truman hasn’t figured out his predicament up to this point.   All of the employees, of the studio, acting as Truman’s family, friends and extras living within the town, can all be viewed as nationalists to the studio’s regime. The National Identity of these films can be directly corresponded to the culture and history of New Zealand.   In 1945, the New Zealand Film Critic Gordon Mirams argued that if there was a New Zealand culture, it was a mostly a Hollywood creation. The only thing more popular than going to the movies, in New Zealand, was drinking tea, during that time period. This idea is supported by the statistic that for many years New Zealanders were the most frequenters of the movie world.   In their book New Zealand Film 1912-1996 Helen Martin and Sam Edwards analyze the filmography of many films produced during this century in New Zealand. This book basically analyzes the entire history of film in New Zealand.   The two authors managed to find more than 162 films.   In formulating their list and deciding on what they would identify as New Zealand Films, they decided the film had to have a significant connection to the location in terms of the film’s creators, cast, copyright holder, financiers, production team, and technical equipment. They also felt that a film that holds a sociological connection to New Zealand should be categorized as a New Zealand films as well.   Thus, they included The Piano in their list of films pointing out that though it was not filmed in New Zealand, its story was still set there.   The authors also felt it the film addressed social issues pertaining to the history of New Zealand within the time frame it was set. In the 90’s when The Truman Show first came out reality television was very rare. No one put their videos on the Internet or had video chats. In one article I read â€Å"The world is watching† by Jennifer Tanaka she writes about a couple who place a web cam in their new born daughters crib. They connect it to the Internet so their friends can go online and see the baby and watch her grow. They didn’t think anything of it until they began receiving emails from people they didn’t know telling them how cute their baby was and how they loved the idea of the wed cam. They still didn’t really think anything of it, except it was flattering. They watch The Truman Show and immediately disconnected their web cam. They realized what they were doing and didn’t want their baby to have people watching her like Truman. It wasn’t until a movie like The Truman Show that brought light on a media obsessed and driven world. It has only gotten worse from there. With the increase in a media obsessed culture, reality television has become a historical landmark of our generation today. In Gary Panton’s review, I think he makes a good point when he says, â€Å"The scary thing is that for us, the â€Å"Big Brother† generation, the notion of a 24-hour TV prisoner really isn’t all that far-fetched. Perhaps the birth of a real Truman isn’t as far into the future as we might like to think.† The Truman Show poses an argument larger than itself in respect to national identity, only this film speaks more metaphorically.   The idea previously posed in National Identity and Self Esteem, was that national identity is largely the product of a model that is followed by a group of people.   These people are so caught up in the ideals of the group, they rather sacrifice their own individual comforts for the good of the team.   The authors found that these groups are also very competitive with one another, identifying their identity with that of the group and basing the groups identity on their contrast from other groups.    This becomes very relative to some of Rene Girard’s views.   In his seminal theory of mediated desire Rene Girard argues that human desire is imitative.   His views is that the goals we hold most personal are actually the desires of others which we want to achieve because others want to achieve them. This is very compatible with the ideals of national culture and the cult group fallowing it incites.   This is also seen constantly in The Truman Show, the main motivation for Truman to escape the studio/town is to travel to Fiji after his one true love.   If the character personifying his school crush had never desired to move there, Truman would have never desired to follow.   This is a direct personification of Girard’s theory, as well as an example of Morse and Halev’s version of national identity. Work Cited Adorno, Theodor W. and Max Horkheimer. Dialectic of Enlightenment: Philosophical Fragments. 1947. Trans. Edmund Jephcott. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2002. Belton, John. American Cinema/American Culture. New York: The Corporation for Public Broadcasting and New York Center for Visual History, 1994. Bourdieu, Pierre. (1984) Distinction, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Chatman, Seymour (1978) Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press). Cheshire, Ellen. Jane Campion. Great Britain: Pocket Essentials, 2000. Eric Young (Executive Producer). (1998). Hows It Going To End? The Making of The Truman Show, Part II [DVD (Special Feature)]. Paramount Pictures Home Entertainment. Fiske, John (1987) Television Culture, London: Methuen. Fiske, John (1992)  ªPopularity and the Politics of Information º in P. Dahlgren and C. Sanes, Ken. Truman as Archetype. Transparencynow.com. 1996-2001. 29 July 2004. http://www.transparencynow.com/truman.htm. Simons, Jon (1997)  ªThe Dialectics of Diana as Empty Signifier º , Theory Event, 1(4). http: //muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_and_event Simons, Jon (2000) Ideology, Imagology, and Critical Thought: The Impoverishment of Politics, Journal of Political Ideology, 5(1), 81 ± 103 Slavin, John (2002) Lost causes : the ideology of national identity in Australian cinema. PhD thesis, Department of English, University of Melbourne. Sparkes (eds) Journalism and Popular Culture, London: Sage. Minow, Martha. (2006) Not Only for Myself Identity, Politics, and the Law. New P, 1997. Chapter 2, Identities. 8 Dec. 2006.

The Sony Strategy Failure Management Essay

The Sony Strategy Failure Management Essay Sony is the combination of two word sonus and sonny. The both words sonus and sonny is a latin word. The literal meaning of sonus is sound and, sonic and sonny is little son. Easy to pronounce and read in any language, the name Sony, which has a lively ring to it, fits comfortably with the spirit of freedom and open-mindedness. Since, Sony is the combination of two word sonus and sonny, represents a very small group of young people who have the energy and passion towards unlimited creations and innovative ideas. Sony foundation was started in 1946 when Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita worked together with a small team of obsessive and committed group of employees build Tokyo Tsushin Kenkyujo (Totsuko), or Tokyo Telecommunications Research Institute (billion dollar global conglomerate). In 1958 the company was formally adopted Sony Corporation as its corporate name. The main objective of the company is to design and create innovative products which would benefit the people. Sony a marketplace creator and leader After the World War II, Sony became popular after applying applied transistor technology, which was invented by  Texas Instruments  (TI). The co-founder of the Sony, Akio Morita was always kept looking for technological advancement and for that the company leadership spent countless hours in innovatively thinking about how to apply these advances to improve lives.   With such a passion for creating new markets, Sony was an early creator, and dominator, of what we now call consumer electronics because of the following reasons as given below: Sony improved solid state transistor radios by making good quality sound and also inexpensive to. Sony developed the solid state television by replacing tubes to make TVs more reliable, better working and use less energy. Sony developed the Triniton television tube, which dramatically improved the quality of color (yes Virginia, once TV was all in black white) and enticed an entire generation to switch.   Sony also expanded the size of Trinitron to make larger sets that better fit larger homes. Sony was an early developer of videotape technology, pioneering the market with Betamax before losing a battle with JVC to be the standard (yes Virginia, we once watched movies on tape). Sony pioneered the development of camcorders, for the first time turning parents and everyone into home movie creators. Sony pioneered the development of independent mobile entertainment by creating the walkman, which allowed for the first time people to take their own recorded music with them, via cassette tapes. Sony pioneered the development of compact discs for music, and developed the walkman CD for portable use. Sony gave us the play station, which went far beyond  Nintendo  in creating the products that excited users and made home gaming a market. Very few companies could ever boast a string of such successful products.   A report said that in Sony executives spent 85% of their time on technology, products and new applications/markets, 10% on human resource issues and 5% on finance.   Mr. Morita said that financial results were just those results of doing a good job developing new products and markets.   The origin and impact of Japan Inc on Sony By the middle 1980s, America was panicked over the absolute domination of companies like Sony in product manufacturing.   Not only consumer electronics, but also in automobiles, motorcycles, kitchen electronics, steel and a growing number of markets.   Politicians referred to Japanese competitors, like the wildly successful Sony, as Japan Inc. and discussed how the powerful Japanese Ministry of Trade and Industry (MITI) effectively shuttled resources around to beat American manufacturers.   Even as rising petroleum costs seemed to cripple U.S. companies, Japanese manufacturers were able to turn innovations (often American) into very successful low-cost products growing sales and profits. What went wrong for Sony? In 1950 W. Edward Deming had convinced Japanese leaders to focus, focus on making things better as well as faster and cheaper.   Taking advantage of Japanese post war dependence on foreign capital, and foreign markets, this U.S. citizen directed Japanese industry into an obsession with industrialization as practiced in the 1940s and was credited for creating the rapid massive military equipment build-up that allowed the U.S. to defeat Japan. Unfortunately, this narrow obsession was left Japanese business leaders, by and large, with little skill set for developing and implementing RD, or innovation, in any other area.   As time passed,  Sony felt victim to developing products for manufacturing, rather than pioneering new markets. Sony had ended up in a cost/price/manufacturing war with  Dell, HP, Lenovo and others to make cheaper PCs rather than the exciting products.   Sonys evolved a distinctly industrial strategy, focused on manufacturing and volume, rather than trying to develop uniquely new products that were head-and-shoulders better than competitors. In mobile phones Sony hooked up with, and eventually acquired,  Ericsson.   Again,  no new technology or effort to make a wildly superior mobile device  (like Apple did.)   Instead Sony sought to build volume in order to manufacture more phones and compete on price/features/functions against Nokia, Motorola and Samsung.   Lacking any product or technology advantage, Samsung clobbered Sonys Industrial strategy with lower cost via non-Japanese manufacturing. When Sony updated its competition in home movies by introducing Blu-Ray, the strategy was again an industrial one about how to sell Blu-Ray recorders and players.   Sony didnt sell the Blu-Ray software technology in hopes people would use it.   Instead it kept Blu-Ray proprietary so only Sony could make and sell Blu-Ray products (hardware).   Just as it did in MP3, creating a proprietary version usable only on Sony devices.   In an information economy, this approach didnt fly with consumers, and Blue Ray was a money loser largely irrelevant to the market as was the now-gone Sony MP3 product line. In the case of televisions, Sony was lost the technological advantage it had with Trinitron cathode ray tubes.   In flat screens Sony has applied a predictable, but money losing industrial strategy trying to compete on volume and cost.   Up against competitors sourcing from lower cost labor, and capital, Sony was lost over $10 billion over the last 8 years in televisions.  Sony  hasnt made a profit in 4 consecutive  years, just recently announced it will double its expected  loss  for this year(2012) to$6.4 billion, has only 15% of its capital left as and was  only worth 1/4 of its value 10 years ago. Sonys Leadership was a keen conspirator to the failed strategy Akio Morita was an innovator and new market creator of Sony.   But, Mr. Morita lived through WWII, and developed his business approach before Deming.   Under Mr. Morita, Sony was used the industrial knowledge Deming and his American peers offered to make Sonys products highly competitive against older technologies.   The products led, with industrial-era  tactics  used to lower cost. But after Mr. Morita Sonys other leaders were trained, like American-minted MBAs, to implement industrial strategies.   Their minds put products and new markets, second.   First was a commitment to volume and production regardless of the products or the technology.   The fundamental belief was that if Sony had enough volume, and cut costs low enough, Sony would eventually succeed without any innovation. By 2005 Sony reached the pinnacle of this strategic approach by installing a non-Japanese to run the company.   Sir Howard Stringer made his fame running Sonys American business, where he exemplified industrial strategy by cutting 9,000 of 30,000 U.S. jobs (almost one third.).Mr. Stringer, strategy was not about innovation, technology, products or new markets. Sonys industrial strategy was cost-cut first, products are less meaningful Mr. Stringers industrial strategy was to be obsessive about costs. Where, Mr. Moritas meetings were 85% about innovation and market application. Mr. Stringer brought a modern MBA approach to the Sony business, where numbers especially financial projections came first.   The leadership, and management, at Sony became a model of MBA training post-1960.   Focus on a narrow product set to increase volume, avoid costly development of new technologies in favor of seeking high-volume manufacturing of someone elses technology, reduce product introductions in order to extend product life, tooling amortization and run lengths, and constantly look for new ways to cut costs.   Be zealous about cost cutting, and reward it in meetings and with bonuses. Thus, during his brief tenure in Sony Mr. Stringer will not be known for new products.   Rather, he will be remembered for initiating two waves of layoffs in what was historically a lifetime employment company (and country.)   And now, in a nod to Chairman Stringer the new CEO at Sony has indicated he will  react to ongoing losses by another round of layoffs.   This time estimated to be another 10,000 workers, or 6% of employees.   The new CEO, Mr. Hirai, trained at the hand of Mr. Stringer, demonstrates as he announces ever greater losses that Sony hopes to somehow save its way to prosperity with an Industrial strategy. Since Japanese equity laws are very different that the USA.   Companies often have much higher debt levels.   And companies can even operate with negative equity values which would be technical bankruptcy almost everywhere else.   So it is not likely Sony will fill bankruptcy any time soon, if ever. After 4 years of losses, and entrenched Industrial strategy with MBA-style leadership focused on numbers rather than markets, there was no reason to think the trajectory of sales or profits will change any time soon. As an employee, facing ongoing layoffs why would you wish to work at Sony?   A me too product strategy with little technical innovation that puts all attention on cost reduction would not be a fun place and offers little promotional growth. And for suppliers, it was assured that each and every meeting will be about how to lower price over, and over, and over. Sony was once a company to watch. It was an innovative leader, which pioneered new markets.   Not unlike Apple today.   But with its Industrial strategy and MBA numbers- focused leadership it is now time to say, sayonara.   Sell Sony, there are more interesting companies to watch and more profitable places to invest. Questions: Highlights Sonys industrial strategy? What was the reason for the failure of Blu Ray strategy? What was the threat for employee as well as the supplier? Examine the opinion of both Morita and Stringer?